Soal dan Pembahasan UTBK Fisika 2019
💦Soal No.21
Satuan-satuan berikut yang merupakan satuan besaran pokok adalah ....
Pembahasan
Satuan besaran pokok
Kilogram,Kelvin,Ampere
💥Kunci Jawaban : E
💦Soal No.22
Pembahasan
Momentum partikel gas ( P )
P = mv
Debit aliran gas (Q)
\(Q\, = \,\frac{V}{t}\, = \,A\,v\, \to \,v\, = \,\frac{Q}{A}\)
massa jenis (\(\rho \))
\(\rho \, = \,\frac{m}{V}\,\,\, \to \,\,V\, = \,\frac{m}{\rho }\)
substitusi persamaan debit dan massa jenis ke persamaan momentum :
\(\begin{array}{l}P\, = \,m\,\,\frac{Q}{A}\\P\, = \,m\,\,\frac{{{\raise0.7ex\hbox{$V$} \!\mathord{\left/
{\vphantom {V t}}\right.\kern-\nulldelimiterspace}
\!\lower0.7ex\hbox{$t$}}}}{A}\,\,\, \to \,\,\,P\, = \,m\,\,\frac{{{\raise0.7ex\hbox{$m$} \!\mathord{\left/
{\vphantom {m \rho }}\right.\kern-\nulldelimiterspace}
\!\lower0.7ex\hbox{$\rho $}}}}{{A\,t}}\\P\, = \,\,\frac{{{m^2}}}{{\rho \,A\,t}}\end{array}\)
maka besaran yang tidak mempengaruhi momentum secara langsung adalah panjang saluran.
💥Kunci Jawaban : C
💦Soal No.23
Pembahasan
Gaya tekanan air mendorong balok, Hk II Newton :
\({F_a}\, = \,{m_a}\, \times \,{a_a}\)
Impuls dan perubahan momentum air selang :
\(\begin{array}{l}I\, = \,F\,\Delta t\, = \,m\,\left( {\Delta v} \right)\\\frac{F}{m}\, = \,\frac{{\Delta v}}{{\Delta t}}\\{a_a}\, = \,\frac{{\Delta v}}{{\Delta t}}\end{array}\)
gaya dorong air menjadi,
\({F_a}\, = \,{m_a}\,\left( {\frac{{\Delta v}}{{\Delta t}}} \right)\)
Debit air dan massa jenis air :
\(\begin{array}{l}{F_a}\, = \,{\rho _a} \times \,V \times \,\left( {\frac{{\Delta v}}{{\Delta t}}} \right)\\{F_a}\, = \,{\rho _a} \times \,Q \times \,\Delta v\end{array}\)
gaya dorong air utk mendorong balok,
\(\begin{array}{l}{F_a}\, = \,{F_b}\\{\rho _a} \times \,Q \times \,\Delta v\, = \,{m_b}\, \times \,{a_b}\\{a_b}\, = \,\frac{{{\rho _a} \times \,Q \times \,\Delta v}}{{{m_b}}}\\{a_b}\, = \,\frac{{{\rho _a} \times \,(A\,v) \times \,\Delta v}}{{{m_b}}}\end{array}\)
💥Kunci Jawaban : B
💦Soal No.24
Pembahasan
Tekanan luasan :
\(\begin{array}{l}P\, = \,\frac{F}{A}\,\,\,\,\,\, \to \,\,F\, = \,P\,A\\(\,A\, = \,S)\end{array}\)
Hukum Hooke :
\(F\, = \,k\,y\,\,\,\, \to \,\,\,\,k\, = \,\frac{F}{y}\)
maka, \(k\, = \,\frac{{P\,s}}{y}\)
Tekanan gas Ideal :
suhu tetap (Isotermik)
\(\begin{array}{l}P\,\Delta v\, = \,n\,R\,T\\P\, = \,\frac{{n\,R\,T}}{{\Delta v}}\\\Delta v\, = \,y\,s\end{array}\)
sehingga, \(k\, = \,\frac{{n\,R\,T}}{{{y^2}}}\)
💥Kunci Jawaban : B
💦Soal No.25
Pembahasan
Rangkaian paralel kapasitor :
\(\begin{array}{l}{C_{T\,}} = \,C\, + \,C\, = \,2C\\{Q_T}\, = \,Q\, + \,Q\, = \,2Q\end{array}\)
Energi total rangkaian :
\(\begin{array}{l}{W_T}\, = \,\frac{1}{2}\frac{{{Q_T}^2}}{{{C_T}}}\\W\, = \,\frac{1}{2}\frac{{{{(2Q)}^2}}}{{2C}}\\C\, = \,\frac{{{Q^2}}}{{W\,}}\end{array}\)
💥Kunci Jawaban : D
💦Soal No.26
Pembahasan
Impuls dan Perubahan Momentum :
\(\begin{array}{l}I\, = \,F\,\Delta t\, = \,m\,\left( {v'\, - \,v} \right)\\{F_A}\,\Delta {t_A}\, = \,{m_A}\,\left( {{v_A}'\, - \,{v_o}_A} \right)\\{F_o}\,\Delta t\, = \,{m_A}\,\left( {{v_A}'\, - \,{v_o}} \right)\\{v_A}'\, = \,\frac{{{F_o}\,\Delta t\,}}{{{m_A}}}\, + \,{v_o}\end{array}\)
Energi kinetik benda A setelah tumbukan :
\(\begin{array}{l}E{k_A}'\, = \,\frac{1}{2}\,{m_A}\,{({v_A}')^2}\\\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\, = \,\,\frac{1}{2}\,{m_A}\,{(\,\frac{{{F_o}\,\Delta t\,}}{{{m_A}}}\, + \,{v_o}\,)^2}\\E{k_A}'\, = \,\frac{1}{{2\,{m_A}}}\,{({F_o}\,\Delta t\, + \,{m_A}\,{v_o})^2}\end{array}\)
💥Kunci Jawaban : D
💦Soal No.27
Pembahasan
Pensil terlihat bengkok, itu karena ketika cahaya memasuki dua medium yang berbeda (pembiasan) maka cahaya akan di belokkan.
💥Kunci Jawaban : C
💦Soal No.28
Pembahasan
Tekanan hidrostatis :
\({P_h}\, = \,{\rho _f}\, \times \,g\, \times \,h\)
Tekanan total :
\({P_{T\,}} = \,{P_{o\,}} + \,{P_h}\)
💥Kunci Jawaban : B
💦Soal No.29
Pembahasan
Usaha gaya gesek dari A ke B :
\(\begin{array}{l}{W_{f\,AB}}\, = \,{W_{fA}}\, + \,{W_{fB}}\\\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\, = \, - \,{f_g}\,\left( a \right)\, + \,( - {f_g}(b))\\{W_{f\,AB}}\, = \, - \,{f_g}\,(a + b)\end{array}\)
Teorema usaha energi mekanik :
\(\begin{array}{l}{W_f}\, = \,\Delta EM\\{W_f}_{AO}\, = \,\Delta EM\\ - {f_g}\, \times \,a\, = \, - e\,\\{f_g}\, = \,\frac{e}{a}\end{array}\)
maka,
\({W_{f\,AB}}\, = \, - \,(\frac{e}{a})\,(a + b)\)
💥Kunci Jawaban : B
💦Soal No.30
Pembahasan
Gaya lorentz akibatan muatan bergerak :
\(\begin{array}{l}{F_L}\, = \,B\,q\,v\,\sin \,\theta \\(\theta \, = \,sudut\,v\,dan\,B)\end{array}\)
Bentuk lintasan partikel q :
\(\begin{array}{l}\theta \, = \,{60^o}\,\,\,\, \to \,\,l{\mathop{\rm int}} asan\,spiral/solenoida\\\theta \, = \,{90^o}\,\,\,\, \to \,\,l{\mathop{\rm int}} asan\,lingkaran\end{array}\)
💥Kunci Jawaban : E
💦Soal No.31
Pembahasan
Efek doppler :
\({f_{p\,}} = \,\frac{{v\, \pm \,{v_p}}}{{v\, \pm \,{v_s}}}\,{f_s}\)
pendengar mendekati sumber : \({v_p}\, + \)
sumber menjauhi pendengar : \({v_s}\, + \)
\(\begin{array}{l}{f_{p\,}} = \,\frac{{v\, + \,{v_p}}}{{v\, + \,{v_s}}}\,{f_s}\\700\, = \,\frac{{340\, + \,{v_p}}}{{340\, + \,20}}\, \times 720\\{v_p}\, = \,10\,m/s\, = \,36\,km/jam\end{array}\)
💥Kunci Jawaban : E
💦Soal No.32
Pembahasan
Hukum kekekalan energi mekanik :
\(\begin{array}{l}E{k_A}\, = \,0\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,;\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,E{p_A}\, = \,\frac{1}{2}\,k\,{a^2}\\E{k_O}\, = \,\frac{1}{2}\,k\,{a^2}\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,;\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,E{p_O}\, = \,0\\E{k_B}\, = \,0\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,;\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,E{p_B}\, = \,\frac{1}{2}\,k\,{a^2}\\maka,\,\,\,\,\,A\, = \,B\end{array}\)
💥Kunci Jawaban : D
💦Soal No.33
Pembahasan
Proses A ke B, Isotermik (T tetap ):
\({T_A}\, = \,{T_B}\, = \,T\)
proses B ke C, Isokorik ( V tetap)
\({V_A}\, = \,{V_B}\)
proses C ke A, isobarik ( P tetap )
\({P_A}\, = \,{P_C}\)
Usaha gas dari C ke A :
\(\begin{array}{l}{W_{CA\,}} = \,{P_A}\,(\,{V_{A\,}} - \,{V_C})\\{W_{CA\,}} = \,({P_A}\,{V_{A\,}} - \,{P_A}\,{V_C})\end{array}\)
Persamaan gas ideal :
\(\begin{array}{l}{P_A}\,{V_{A\,}}\, = \,n\,R\,{T_A}\\{W_{CA\,}} = \,n\,R\,T - \,{P_A}\,{V_B}\end{array}\)
💥Kunci Jawaban : E
💦Soal No.34
Pembahasan
\({m_{es}}{\,_{A\,}} = \,{m_{es}}{\,_B}\)
massa Es asin B lebih banyak mencair dari massa es biasa A
Kalor Laten :
\(\begin{array}{l}Q\, = \,{m_{es\,mencair}}\, \times \,Les\\{m_{es\,mencair}}\, = \,\frac{Q}{{Les}}\end{array}\)
massa es yg mencair berbanding terbalik dengan kalor laten lebur atau titik lebur.
maka titik lebur es asin lebih rendah dari titik lebur es biasa.
💥Kunci Jawaban : D
💦Soal No.35
Pembahasan
Gerak mendatar pada sumbu Y (GJB) :
\(\begin{array}{l}h\, = \,\frac{1}{2}\,g\,{t^2}\\15 \times {10^{ - 2}}\, = \,\frac{1}{2}\, \times 10 \times \,{t^2}\\t\, = \,\frac{{\sqrt 3 }}{{10}}\,s\end{array}\)
Gerak mendatar pada sumbu X (GLB) :
\(\begin{array}{l}s\, = \,{v_{ox}}\, \times \,t\\{v_{ox}} = \,\frac{s}{t}\\\,\,\,\,\, = \,\frac{4}{{{\raise0.7ex\hbox{${\sqrt 3 }$} \!\mathord{\left/
{\vphantom {{\sqrt 3 } {10}}}\right.\kern-\nulldelimiterspace}
\!\lower0.7ex\hbox{${10}$}}}}\\{v_{ox}} = \,\frac{{40}}{{\sqrt 3 }}\,m/s\end{array}\)
💥Kunci Jawaban :
💦Soal No.36
Pembahasan
Balok di perlambat :
\(\begin{array}{l}a\, = \,\frac{{\Sigma Fx}}{m} = \,\frac{{ - \,F\,\sin \,{{60}^o}}}{m}\\a\, = \,\frac{{ - \,10(\frac{1}{2}\sqrt 3 )\,}}{2}\\a\, = \,\frac{5}{2}\sqrt 3 \,m/{s^2}\end{array}\)
menentukan kecepatan akhir :
\(\begin{array}{l}{t_{1\,}} = \,\frac{{\sqrt 3 }}{5}\,s\\{v_t}\, = \,{v_o}\, - \,a\,t\\{v_t}\, = \,2\, - \,\frac{5}{2}\sqrt 3 (\frac{{\sqrt 3 }}{5})\\{v_{t\,}} = \, + \,0,5\,m/s\end{array}\)
+ artinya benda masih bergerak ke kiri.
\(\begin{array}{l}{t_{2\,}} = \,\frac{{\sqrt 3 }}{3}\,s\\{v_t}\, = \,{v_o}\, - \,a\,t\\{v_t}\, = \,2\, - \,\frac{5}{2}\sqrt 3 (\frac{{\sqrt 3 }}{3})\\{v_{t\,}} = \, - \,0,5\,m/s\end{array}\)
- artinya benda bergerak ke kanan berlawan arah semula.
💥Kunci Jawaban : A
💦Soal No.37
Pembahasan
Gaya Gerak Listrik (\(\varepsilon \))
\(\begin{array}{l}\Sigma \varepsilon \, = \,I\,(R\, + \,r)\\{\varepsilon _1}\, + \,{\varepsilon _2}\, = \,{I_1}\,R\end{array}\)
pada rangkaian tinjau kedua ggl dan hanya satu hambatan saja. anggap arus yang mengalir pada hambatan tersebut adalah \({I_1}\), maka :
\(\begin{array}{l}0,5\, + \,{\varepsilon _2}\, = \,2,5\, \times \,{10^{ - 3}}\,R\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\, \times \,2\\3\, + \,{\varepsilon _2}\, = \,5\,\, \times \,{10^{ - 3}}\,R\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\, \times \,1\\\\1\, + \,2{\varepsilon _2}\, = \,5\,\, \times \,{10^{ - 3}}\,R\,\\3\, + \,{\varepsilon _2}\, = \,5\,\, \times \,{10^{ - 3}}\,R\,\,\\ - 2\, + \,\,{\varepsilon _2}\, = \,0\\{\varepsilon _2}\, = \,2\,V\end{array}\)
💥Kunci Jawaban : A
💦Soal No.38
Pembahasan
lengan gaya luar (\({L_F}\)) dan lengan gaya berat (\({L_F}\))
\(\begin{array}{l}\tan \,\theta \, = \,\frac{{{L_F}}}{{{L_W}}}\, = \,\frac{5}{9}\\{L_F}\, = \,5\\{L_W}\, = \,9\end{array}\)
Resultan momen gaya :
\(\begin{array}{l}\Sigma \tau \, = \,F\, \times \,l\\\Sigma \tau \, = \,F\, \times \,{l_F}\, - \,W\, \times \,{l_W}\,\\\,\,\,\,\,\,\, = \,90\, \times \,5\, - \,50\, \times \,9\\\Sigma \tau \, = \,0\end{array}\)
💥Kunci Jawaban : A
💦Soal No.39
Pembahasan
Gerak parabola :
tinjau gerak pada sumbu Y ( GVA),
\(\begin{array}{l}{v_{ty}}\, = \,{v_{oy}}\, - \,g\,t\\28\, = \,{v_o}\,\sin \,{53^o}\, - \,10\,t\\t\, = \,2\,s\end{array}\)
💥Kunci Jawaban : C
💦Soal No.40
Pembahasan
Gaya tekan balok pada lantai sama dengan gaya Normal (N) :
\(\begin{array}{l}\Sigma {F_y}\, = \,0\\N\, = \,W\, + \,F\,\cos \,{60^o}\\\,\,\,\,\, = \,20\, + \,10\,(1/2)\\N\, = \,25\,N\end{array}\)
💥Kunci Jawaban : C
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